Types of Computer

Based on uses

• Analog computer

• Digital computer
• Hybrid computer

Based on sizes

• Smartphone
• Micro computer
• Personal computer
• Laptop
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe computer
• Super computer

Programs of Computer - Part 5

Bugs of Computer

 

 

Errors found in computer programs are called "bugs". They may be benign and not affect the usefulness of the program, or have only light effects. But in some cases, they may cause the program or the entire system to "hang", becoming unresponsive to input such as mouse clicks or keystrokes, to completely fail, or to crash. Otherwise benign bugs may sometimes be harnessed for malicious intent by an unscrupulous user writing an exploit, code designed to take advantage of a bug and disrupt a computer's proper execution. Bugs are usually not the fault of the computer. Since computers merely execute the instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design.Admiral Grace Hopper, an American computer scientist and developer of the first compiler, is credited for having first used the term "bugs" in computing after a dead moth was found shorting a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer in September 1947.

Programs of Computer - Part 4

4th generation languages

4G languages are less procedural than 3G languages. The 4GL is provided ways to obtain information without requiring the direct help of a programmer. An example of a 4GL is SQL.

Program design

An example of program design

Bugs of a Program design of small programs is relatively simple and involves the analysis of the problem, collection of inputs, using the programming constructs within languages, devising or using established procedures and algorithms, providing data for output devices and solutions to the problem as applicable. As problems become larger and more complex, features such as subprograms, modules, formal documentation, and new paradigms such as object-oriented programming are encountered. Large programs involving thousands of line of code and more require formal software methodologies. The task of developing large software systems presents a significant intellectual challenge. Producing software with an acceptably high reliability within a predictable schedule and budget has historically been difficult; the academic and professional discipline of software engineering concentrates specifically on this challenge.